Scientific modeling for infectious diseases faces enduring challenges, including limited model transparency, poor traceability of assumptions and uncertainty, and difficulty adapting legacy models amid rapidly evolving scientific knowledge. Terarium is a novel, open-source modeling platform that integrates human-in-the-loop AI to address these gaps. This study presents Terarium and results from a systematic evaluation in epidemiological modeling, assessing its potential to accelerate modeling workflows while improving rigor and interpretability.